Hotel Management Study

Hotel Management

Hotel management is a globally accepted professional career field and academic field of study. Degree programs such as hospitality management studies, a business degree, and/or certification programs formally prepare hotel managers for industry practice.

Most hotel establishments consist of a General Manager who serves as the head executive (often referred to as the "Hotel Manager"), department heads who oversee various departments within a hotel, middle managers, administrative staff, and line-level supervisors. The organizational chart and volume of job positions and hierarchy varies by hotel size, function, and is often determined by hotel ownership and managing companies.


What is Hotel?

A hotel is an establishment that provides lodging paid on a short-term basis. The provision of basic accommodation, in times past, consisting only of a room with a bed, a cupboard, a small table and a washstand has largely been replaced by rooms with modern facilities, including en-suite bathrooms and air conditioning or climate control. Additional common features found in hotel rooms are a telephone, an alarm clock, a television, a safe, a mini-bar with snack foods and drinks, and facilities for making tea and coffee. Luxury features include bathrobes and slippers, a pillow menu, twin-sink vanities, and jacuzzi bathtubs. Larger hotels may provide additional guest facilities such as a swimming pool, fitness center, business center, childcare, conference facilities and social function services.

Hotel rooms are usually numbered (or named in some smaller hotels and B&Bs) to allow guests to identify their room. Some hotels offer meals as part of a room and board arrangement. In the United Kingdom, a hotel is required by law to serve food and drinks to all guests within certain stated hours. In Japan, capsule hotels provide a minimized amount of room space and shared facilities.


Types/Classification
Hotel operations vary in size, function, and cost. Most hotels and major hospitality companies that operate hotels have set widely accepted industry standards to classify hotel types. General categories include the following;

Upscale luxury
An upscale full service hotel facility that offers luxury amenities, full service accommodations, on-site full service restaurant(s), and the highest level of personalized and professional service. Luxury hotels are normally classified with at least a Four Diamond or Five Diamond status or a Four or Five Star rating depending on the country and local classification standards. Examples may include: Waldorf Astoria, Four Seasons, Conrad, Fairmont, and Ritz Carlton.

Full service
Full service hotels often contain upscale full-service facilities with a large volume of full service accommodations, on-site full service restaurant(s), and a variety of on-site amenities such as swimming pools, a health club, children's activities, ballrooms, on-site conference facilities, and other amenities. Examples may include: InterContinental, Starwood – Westin, Hilton, Marriott, and Hyatt hotels

Historic inns and boutique hotels
Smaller independent non-branded hotels that often contain upscale facilities of varying size in unique or intimate settings with full service accommodations. Some historic inns and boutique hotels may be classified as luxury hotels.

Focused or select service
Small to medium-sized hotel establishments that offer a limited amount of on-site amenities that only cater and market to a specific demographic of travelers, such as the single business traveler. Most focused or select service hotels may still offer full service accommodations but may lack leisure amenities such as an on-site restaurant or a swimming pool. Examples include Holiday Inn, Courtyard by Marriott, and Hilton Garden Inn.

Economy and limited service
Small to medium-sized hotel establishments that offer a very limited amount of on-site amenities and often only offer basic accommodations with little to no services, these facilities normally only cater and market to a specific demographic of travelers, such as the budget-minded traveler seeking a "no frills" accommodation. Limited service hotels often lack an on-site restaurant but in return may offer a limited complimentary food and beverage amenity such as on-site continental breakfast service. Examples include Hampton Inn, aloft, Holiday Inn Express, Fairfield Inn, Four Points by Sheraton, and Days Inn.

Extended stay
Small to medium-sized hotels that offer longer term full service accommodations compared to a traditional hotel. Extended stay hotels may offer non-traditional pricing methods such as a weekly rate that cater towards travelers in need of short-term accommodations for an extended period of time. Similar to limited and select service hotels, on-site amenities are normally limited and most extended stay hotels lack on an on-site restaurant. Examples include Staybridge Suites, Homewood Suites by Hilton, Residence Inn by Marriott, element, and Extended Stay Hotels.

Timeshare and destination clubs
A form of property ownership also referred to as a vacation ownership involving the purchase and ownership of an individual unit of accommodation for seasonal usage during a specified period of time. Timeshare resorts often offer amenities similar that of a Full service hotel with on-site restaurant(s), swimming pools, recreation grounds, and other leisure-oriented amenities. Destination clubs on the other hand may offer more exclusive private accommodations such as private houses in a neighborhood-style setting. Examples of timeshare brands include Hilton Grand Vacations, Marriott Vacation Club International, Westgate Resorts, Starwood Vacation Ownership, and Disney Vacation Club.

Motel
A small-sized low-rise lodging establishment similar to that of a limited service hotel but not referred to as a hotel, motels are often located adjacent to a major road or Interstate highway with little to no amenities and often consist of exterior-entrance rooms using outdoor walkways. Motels are often considered the "lowest classification" type of a lodging accommodation and often operate with minimal staffing levels.


Rooms and its Types

Generally, we define room as a safe place closed by walls, windows and doors to spend a day, night for sleep with proper security. In hotel, room means a lot to a guest such as comfort, clean, safe and hygiene. Hence, the guest demands the highest standard in everything that the room stand for the guest. All the rooms are numbered systematically. First digit in a room number indicates on which the floor is situated. Suppose there are 35 rooms in a floor, Room No.335 indicates 35th room on 3th floor. Systematic numbering also indicates that all odd number rooms may be single room, even number could be double room and rooms ending with zero may be suite room and so on. This differs from hotel to hotel.

Different types of rooms are:

Single Room: It is a room assigned for single occupancy and consists one single bed of size- 36"x75".
Double Room: A room assigned for two people or double occupancy and consists one Double Bed of size- 54"x75".
Triple Room: It is a room assigned for three people and consists of three single bed of size- 36"x75".
Twin Room: It is a room with two single bed of size- 36"x75" for double sharing.
Quard Room: It is a room assigned for four people and consists of four single bed of size- 36"x75".
Queen Sized Room: It is a room with Queen-sized bed i.e.- 60"x80" for single or double occupancy.
King Sized Room: It is a room with a King-sized bed i.e.- 60"x90" for single or double occupancy.
Double-Double Room: A room with two queen bed for double or more occupancy.
Studio Room: A room with a Couch or sofa-Cum Bed, which can be converted into a bed during a night time and can be used as a sofa during day time. It is commonly known as Studio Room.
Mini Suite or Junior Suite: A single room with single bed and a sitting area could have separate living room and bed room.
Suite Room: A parlor or living room connected to one or more bedroom.
Inter-Connecting Room: Room with connecting door from onside.
Adjacent Room: Rooms, which are opposite of each other, in the same floor.
Adjoining Room: A room with a common wall but no connecting door.
Duplex Suite: Rooms spread over twp floor with an interconnecting staircase.
Cabana: Rooms attached to a swimming pool with one sofa-cum bed, meant for changing purpose.
Penthouse Suite: Accommodation, usually suites located on the top floor of the hotel.
Lanai: A Hawaiian terms for veranda, a room with porch or balcony, usually overlooking garden or water. Such types of room is usually popular in sea beaches areas.
House Room: Guest room set aside for hotel use.